Tumor mutational burden and other predictive immunotherapy markers in histiocytic neoplasms

Biomarkers of immunotherapy in urothelial and renal cell carcinoma: PD-L1, tumor mutational burden, and beyond

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1 pathway have greatly changed clinical management of metastatic urothelial carcinoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, response rates are low, and biomarkers are needed to predict for treatment response. Immunohistochemical quantification of PD-L1 was developed as a promising biomarker in early clinical trials, but many shortcomings of ...

Tumor Mutational Burden as an Independent Predictor of Response to Immunotherapy in Diverse Cancers.

Immunotherapy induces durable responses in a subset of patients with cancer. High tumor mutational burden (TMB) may be a response biomarker for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in tumors such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our aim was to examine the relationship between TMB and outcome in diverse cancers treated with various immunotherapies. We reviewed data on 1,638 patients who had un...

Effects of Mutational Combinations on Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Commentary on the WHO 2008 classification of neoplasms arising from histiocytic and other accessory cells

Histiocytes and dendritic cells belong to a group of immunoregulatory cells that are responsible for antigen processing and presentation to lymphocytes. Neoplasms of histiocytic and dendritic origin are very rare [1], making up less than 1% of tumours in lymph nodes. Thus, information regarding epidemiology, prognosis and treatment [2, 3] is scarce. Table 1 summatizes the neoplasms derived from...

Assessing the clinical significance of tumor markers in common neoplasms.

The term tumor markers include a spectrum of molecules and substances with widely divergent characteristics whose presence in the significant amount can be related to the malignant disease. An ideal tumor marker should have high specificity and sensitivity, which would allow its use in early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant disease, as well as in prediction of therapeutic response and follo...